Induction-motor



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

0. J. VAN DEPOELE.

INDUCTION MOTOR. 3 No. 433,834. Patented Aug. 5, 1890.

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INDUCTION MOTOR.

Patented Aug 5, 1890.

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UNITED STATES CHARLES J. VAN DEPOELE,

PATENT ()FFICE.

OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS.

INDUCTION-MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 433,834, dated August 5, 1890.

Application filed April 23, 1889- To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES J. VAN DE- POELE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lynn, in the county of Essex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Induction-Motors Having Closed-Circuit Armatures, of which the following is a description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon.

My invention relates to improvements in electro-dynamic motors of the class adapted to be operated by currents of alternating polarity, or currents having a defined rise and fall, whether of alternating or constant polarity, and the present invention is a development of the invention shown and described in Letters Patent No. 300,535, granted to me June 17, 188i.

Broadly, the invention consists in applying alternating or intermittent electric currents to the field-magnet coils of an electro-dynamic motor for creating a field of force therein, the iron portions of said field-magnet being suitablysubdivided to secure the desired rapidity of magnetization and demagnetization, the said field of force acting inductively upon a closed-circuited winding upon the annular core of the armature. An armature of the Gramme type be may employed, the desired results being attained by electrically conn ecting the commutator-brushes thereof, in order to afford a defined path for the flow of the secondarycurrents generated in the armaturecoils by the inductive action of the reversals of polarity in the field of force. This method of operation is fullyset forth in my said prior patent in connection with continuous currents, and as there set forth I may also for the better government and control of the machine close the commutator-brushes through an exterior circuit including an adjustable resistance, either mechanically or electrically. Furthermore, the effect upon the core of the armature may be increased by additional windings connected in separate closed sections and also caused to produce secondary currents by induction. The separate coils may be arranged as intermediate sections placed between the coils connected to the com- Serial No; 308,241. (No modeLl mutator, or wire may be wound in separate layers, all the sections of one layer being connected to the commutator and the remainder connected as separate closed circuits each including any desired number of coils. By employin g the additional separate closed circuits a certain quantity of wire only is connected to the commutator, and the tendency to sparking is thereby diminished and greater durability of both commutator and brushes secured.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a View in elevation representing the simplest form of my invention and including a motor with a Gramme wound armature and connections between the commutator-brushes thereof. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view showing a motor having both commutated and uncommutated coils upon its armature. Fig. 3 is also a diagrammatic view showing a motor, the armature of which is provided with commutated and uncommutated coils and an adjustable resistance in circuit with its commutatorbrushes. Fig. 4. is a diagrammatic View difseen in the other figures, and provided with uncommutated closed armature coils and means for controlling the positions of the polar line of the armature. Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view illustrating still other means for localizing the poles in an armature having independent closed-circuited coils.

As indicated in the drawings, A and B represent the polar extensions of the field-magnets.

O is a field-magnet winding, which is sustained upon a suitable laminated core conmeeting the pole-pieces. The pole-pieces A and B should also be of subdivided iron to secure ready response to the reversals or phases of the supply-current, which may be of alternating polarity or intermittent or pulsating in character, and is supplied to the field-magnet circuit through conductors a Z).

D is the armature, which, as seen in Fig. 1, is of the Gramme type, having an annular core d, provided with a continuous winding of suitable-sized copper conductor E. The winding E is connected at suitable intervals by conductors 6 with the sections f of commutator F. The armature and commutator are ering in some of its details from the forms mounted upon a suitable shaft 6, and are thereby sustained in rotative relation to the field-magnet extensions A B.

Gr G are adjustable commutator-brushes suitably sustained in operative relation to the surface of the commutator F. The commutator-brushes G G are electrically connected by conductor g. lurrents generated in the coils E will flow in the armature in paths defined by the positions ofthe commutatorbrushes, producing opposite polarities in the core d on a line passing through the center of the commutator-brushes. It will be apparent that by adjusting the positions of the commutator-brushes the armature-poles can be maintained wherever desired and the direction or speed of rotation of the said armature be governed accordingly. The conductor g, connecting the com mutator-brushes, may be extended and include current-controlling devices for regulating the flow of current in the armature, as will appear.

The machine shown diagrammatically in Fig. 2 differs from that just described in having two separate sets of windings upon its core. The coils E are connected to the sections of the commutator F as in the previous instance; but I also provide an additional set of coils H, connected by conductors 7b, to form a number of independent closed circuits upon the armature-core. The coils E H may be wound in separate alternating sections, or, as indicated, in separate layers upon the core d, the coils of one layer being connected to the commutator and those of the other layer by the conductors h to form separate closed circuits, including any desired proportion of the total number of coils. in each closed circuit, according to the size of the conductor used and the work the machine is designed to perform. Both sets of coils, being energized by secondary currents produced therein under the influence of the reversals of polarity in the field-magnets,will have generated in themselves currents of similar name, and coact to establish poles in-the armature-core, and the polarizing effects of said secondary currents will be concentrated upon opposite sets of the core in line with the comm utator-brushes. As indicated in said Fig. 2, the commutatorbrushes G G are electrically connected through conductors g g which may include a switch g by means of which the defined path of the currents in the commutated and armature conductor may be opened, thereby rendering the commutator-brushes inoperative, causing both sets of coils to become inactive.

Fig. 3 shows a form differing from that seen in Fig. 2 in the arrangement of the armaturecoils, they being indicated as forming separate alternating sections, the commutated coils E alternating with the uncommutated closed coils H. In this figure the conductors g 9 extending from the commutator-brushes G G, are connected, respectively, to a movable switch I, adapted to engage the terminals of an adjustable resistance J, to which latter the conductor g is connected, so that any desired amount of resistance may be placed in circuit with the commutatedarmature conductor through the commutatorbrushes. It will be understood that the commutator-brushes being adjustable about the commutator, their positions and the flow of the commutated currents in the armature with respect to the polar extensions of the field-magnets maybe adjusted as desired, either to reverse the direction of rotation or to control the speed thereof in accordance with the work required of the motor.

NVhile I have described the invention as applied to an armature of the Gramme type, it will be understood that an armature of any other continuous-current type may be employed either with or without the additional separate closed circuited sections thereon. In the drawings shown the field-magnets are all of the two-pole type; but it will be readily understood that four or more poles can be made to act upon the armature either as field poles or as induction-coils producing such poles.

The form of motor hereinbefore referred to may be modified in several ways without departing from the spirit, scope, or nature of the invention, which broadly consists in so organizing an electric motor that it may be operated by passing a current of alternating polarity or intermittent or pulsating in character through the coils of the field magnet or magnets or their equivalent. With this end in view the form of motor may be modified as, for example, as in Fig. 4, where is seen a motor which may resemble in many respects the form seen in Fig. 1. As shown, however, the armature is provided only with uncommutated coils, which are formed into a number of closed circuits upon the armature and adapted, when acted upon inductively, to magnetize the iron core by whichthey are carried, so as to form poles, which being reacted upon by the ficld-magnets will cause said armature to rotate upon its axis.

Where the armature is provided only with uncommutated coils, as in Fig. 4:, means other than a commutator and commutator-brushes must be provided for establishing and defining the polar line or lines therein, and to this end I provide the armature with an exterior coil or coils, portions of which pass under the undercut ends of the polar extensions of the field-magnets, and when arranged in this or any equivalent manner so as to be in inductive relation to the said field-magnet poles the induction-coil will become the seat of induced currents in secondary relation to the field-magnets, which said secondary currents flowing in the induction-coil will create tertiary currents in the closed circuits upon the armature-core. The induction-coil, being arranged in close relation to the armature and enveloping a large portion thereof, will therefore create a polar-line therein, which IIO line will be substantially upon the transverse axis of said coil, which, in the position shown, will place the poles in the armature in the most desirable position to be acted upon by the poles of the field-magnets. As indicated, each half of the ends of the coils of the induction-coil fit under and are in inductive relation to the undercut extremities of the polar extensions of opposite polarity. This will cause a flow of currents in the inductioncoil. The opposite ends of each of the polar extensions are similarly undercut, and the induction-coil beingmovably sustained may be reversed in position, so that opposite portions thereof will come into inductive relation to opposite poles of the field-magnet,

thereby changing the direction of the flow of secondary currents in said induction-coil, and correspondingly the polarity or direction of flow of the tertiarycurrents in the armature, thereby reversing the direction of rotation of said armature.

As indicated in Fig. 5, the hereinbeforedescribed effects with an armature having only closed -circuited uncommutated coils may be produced without the use of the solenoid seen in Fig. 4, established and used for the purpose of defining and localizing the poles produced in the armature-core by the several independent closed circuits wound thereon. As indicated in said Fig. 5, the motor is provided with four polar extensions, each of which is suitably energized by a mag netizing-coil, the magnetizing-coils being supplied alternately and in pairs with currentphases. The said current-phases may be supplied from two separate circuits, or the two sets of magnetizing-coils may be connected in derivation and the phases in one circuit be retarded by a reactive coil, as described in my previous application, Serial No. 304,234, filed March 22,1889, or the'mass of the cores of one pair of magnets may be heavier and more sluggish than that of the other pair, or the desired lag may be provided for by making the resistance of one field-magnet circuit greater than that of the other, the object being to magnetize and --demagnetize said polepieces in alternation, no matter 110w this result is attained.

The polar extensions inclose a large proportion of the exterior of the periphery of the armature, and will therefore serve to create secondary currents in most, if not all, of the separate closed circuits upon said armaturecore. Assuming that the poles 1 2 have just been magnetized to their highest point, they will attract any poles existing in the core of thearmature and at the same time will create secondary currents flowing in the adjacent coils. Said currents will produce new poles in proximity to the opposite set 3 4 of the field-magnet extensions, since the magnetism created in the core of the armature by the secondary currents produced in the coils adjacent to the active field magnet poles will not be at once dissipated, and will,

in fact, be retained for an appreciable moment of time, the duration of the magnetic lag depending upon the thickness of the iron portions comprising the magnetic circuit of the armature. preceding secondary currents having therefore some sort of stability, the poles set up in the diametrically-opposite set'of field-magnet extensions will attract them and exert apowerful torque upon the armature. It will thus be seen that by continually shifting the energizing-current or directing an energizing-cur;

rent to the two pairs or multiples thereof of field-magnet polar extensions the magnetism created in the armature-core by the secondary currents," produced by the magnetic effect of the preceding impulses, Will establish poles therein which will be strongly attracted and cause said armature to move toward the succeeding field-magnet poles created in a differentset of pole-pieces.

Certain features of the invention shown in Figs. 4 and 5 are shown, described, and claimed in mysaid prior application, and are therefore not herein more particularly referred to, the arrangements seen in said figures being introduced into this application to illustrate the scope and nature of theinvention herein claimed.

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s

1. The combination, with the field-magnets of an electric motor, of an armature having its armature-coils permanently included in a closed circuit, a commutator having its plates connected with different points in the length of the arm ature-coils, and a closed circuit electrically uniting the brushes applied to said plates.

2. The combination, with the field-magnets of an electric .motor, of an armature having its armature-coils permanently included in a closed circuit, a commutator having its plates connected with different points in the length of the armaturecoils, a closed circuit electrically uniting the brushes applied to said plates, and means for adjusting the position of the brushes.

3. The combination, with the field-magnets of an electric motor, of an armature having its armature-coils permanently included in a continuously-closed circuit, acommutatorhavin its platesconnected with different points in the length of the armature-coils, a closed circuit electrically uniting the brushes applied to said plates, and an adjustable resistance included in the circuit uniting said brushes.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES J. VAN DEPOELE.

\Vitnesses:

FRANKLAND JANNUs, CHAS. L. STURTEVANT.

The poles established by the 

